ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ืคื”

ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ืคื”, ื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš

ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ืื• ืชื•ืืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™  ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“

ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืŸ ?
ืื•ื ' ื—ื™ืคื” ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ืืชื›ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™  ื‘ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช


ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืœืŸ ืื• ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืœื—ื• ื˜ื•ืคืก ืคื ื™ื™ื”

ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ืคื” - ื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš

ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“

ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื ื•ืœืงื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ื•ืช


ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขื ืชื™ื–ื” - 3 ืฉื ื™ื

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืœื ืชื™ื–ื” - ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข


ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช: ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื•ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœืงื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืžืŸ, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื–ื•, ืœืคืชื— ื“ืจื›ื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื™ืชืŸ, ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื.


ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื:

  • ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื•ื‘ืœืงื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ื•ืช 
  • ื”ืขืจื›ื”, ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื•ื‘ืœืงื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ื•ืช
  • ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืฉืคื” ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื•ื‘ืœืงื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ื•ืช
  • ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืœืฉื“ื” (ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื•ื) ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘ 


ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขื ืชื™ื–ื” - 3 ืฉื ื™ื

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืœื ืชื™ื–ื” - ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข


ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช: ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข, ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื (0-21). ืขื ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืžื” ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืขืžืงืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืฉื“ื”, ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื•ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืืœื• ืชื•ืš ื”ืขืžืงืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™- ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™, ื”ืจื’ืฉื™, ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืืœื•.


ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื:

  • ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช
  • ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช
  • ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ
  • ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืœืฉื“ื” (ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื•ื) ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘ 


ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขื ืชื™ื–ื” - 3 ืฉื ื™ื

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืœื ืชื™ื–ื” - ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข


ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช: ื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช "ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš" ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื, ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜).

ื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช,

ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื ืœืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ืžืขื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•.


ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืจืฉืžื™ื.


ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ื”, ืžื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขื ืชื™ื–ื” - 3 ืฉื ื™ื

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืœื ืชื™ื–ื” - ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข


ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช: ื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื•ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”.

ื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžื•ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืžืงืฉืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื (ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ืฆื™ื” ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื) ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืœื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืชืžื˜ื™, ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืš ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช, ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืงื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื ื™ื•ืจื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช.


ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขื ืชื™ื–ื” - 3 ืฉื ื™ื

ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืœื ืชื™ื–ื” - ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข


ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืœืชื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ 

ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืกื˜ ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ืคืจื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜, ื•ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ืื™ื ื” ื ืฉืขื ืช ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ื‘ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช.

ืชื•ืืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืฉืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงืจ ืื• ืžืจืฆื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื”ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช.


ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื

ืžืฉืš ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ื”ื•ื ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื.


ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืชื•ืืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืœืชื•ืืจ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ (PhD) ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื•ืืจ ืž"ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ (ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืขื ืชื–ื”),
ืขื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 90 ื•ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืชื™ื–ื” ื•ืžืžื•ืฆืข 86 ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืชื•ืืจ ืžื•ืกืžืš,
ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืœืงื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”.

ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ 6-21

ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ืกื‘ืช ืืงื“ืžืื™ื


ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื


ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช:

ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื ืฉื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. 

ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืื• ื“ื•-ืฉื ืชื™ืช

ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช, ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข,
ืื• ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข

ื™ื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ื”ืžืชืืžืช 


ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช: ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื ืฉื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.

ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื”

ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข,

ื™ื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ื”ืžืชืืžืช 


ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืœืงื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ื”


ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื•ืœืžื•ื“ื™ ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืœืงื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขื ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” (ืžืช"ืœ)

ื”ื”ืจืฉืžื” ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื” - ืคื ื• ืœืžื™ื“ืข

ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ืคื” - ื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš